Niacinamide (5% / 50,000ppm): Vitamin B3 at 5% concentration — the clinically established threshold for visible brightening effects. Inhibits melanin transfer to skin cells to fade dark spots and post-acne marks, visibly minimizes pores, controls excess sebum, and strengthens the skin barrier for improved overall skin clarity.
3D Vitamin C Complex (50,000ppm) — 3-O-Ethyl Ascorbic Acid + Ascorbic Acid + Tocotrienols: A triple-form Vitamin C system that targets pigmentation and antioxidant defense from three angles. 3-O-Ethyl Ascorbic Acid provides stable, deeply penetrating Vitamin C activity; Ascorbic Acid (pure Vitamin C) directly inhibits tyrosinase to suppress melanin synthesis; Tocotrienols (superior Vitamin E isomers) amplify antioxidant protection and synergistically stabilize the Vitamin C complex.
Triple Hyaluronic Acid — Sodium Hyaluronate + Hydrolyzed Hyaluronic Acid + Sodium Hyaluronate Crosspolymer: Three HA molecules of different sizes that hydrate at the skin surface, mid-layer, and deeper levels simultaneously, providing comprehensive, lasting moisture while supporting the plumped, smooth texture that makes brightening actives more effective. Polyglutamic Acid: A powerful next-generation humectant with up to 4 times the moisture-holding capacity of hyaluronic acid.
Forms a thin film on skin to lock in hydration and enhance ingredient delivery while contributing to a smooth, bouncy texture. Ubiquinone (CoQ10): A naturally occurring antioxidant in skin cells that declines with age.
Neutralizes free radical damage, supports cellular energy production, and contributes an anti-aging benefit alongside the brightening actives. Beta-Glucan: A potent soothing and barrier-strengthening polysaccharide that calms inflammation, reduces redness, and supports the skin's resilience — helping to offset any sensitivity that can accompany high-concentration active formulas.
Adenosine: A certified anti-wrinkle active that boosts skin elasticity and smooths the appearance of fine lines, adding an anti-aging dimension to the serum's brightening and hydrating benefits.